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COMMUNITY MEDICINE

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Introduction

  • Uses of screening
  • Types of screening
    • 1 Mass Screening
    • 2 Selective or High-risk screening
    • 3 Multiphasic Screening
  • Criteria for screening- 2 Consideration
    • 1 Criterion for disease
      • 9 criteria
    • 2 Criteria for Screening test
      • 1 Acceptability
      • 2 Repeatability (Reliability, Precision, Reproducibility)
        • Observational variation
          • Intra Observer Variation ( Within)
          • Interobserver Variation ( Between)
        • Biological Variation
          • Parameter observed
          • Symptoms and answers
          • Regression to mean
        • Errors relating to technical methods
      • 3 Validity (Accuracy)
        • Sensitivity (True Positive)
        • Specificity ( True Negative)
        • Positive predictive value
        • Negative Predictive Value
        • False Positive
        • False Negative

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  • National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme
    • Malaria
    • Lymphatic Filariasis
    • Kala Azar
    • Japanese Encephalitis
    • Dengue
    • Chicken gunya fever
  • National Leprsoy “Eradication” Programme
  • Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme
  • National Aids Control Programme
  • National Programme for Control of Blindness
  • Iodine Deficiency Disorders Programme
  • Universal Immunization Programme
  • National Health Mission
  • National Urban Health Mission
  • National Rural Health Mission
  • Reproductive and Child health programme
    • Janani Suraksha Yojana
  • Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Strategy2013
  • Indian Newborn Action Plan
  • National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke
  • National Mental Health Programme
  • Interacted Disease Surveillance Project
  • National Gunieaworm eradication programme
  • Yaws Eradication Programme
  • National Programme For Control and Treatment of Occupatioanal Diseases
  • Nutritional Programme
  • National Programme for Control and Treatment of Occupational Diseases
  • Nutritional Programme
  • National Family Welfare Programme
  • National Water Supply and Sanitation Programme
  • Minimum Needs Programme
  • 20 point programme

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Methods

    • 1 Spacing Methods
      • 1 Barrier Methods
        • Physical

          • 1 Condom
          • 2 Diaphragm
          • 3 Vaginal Sponge
        • Chemical
          • 1 Foam – Foam tablets and aerosols
          • 2 Creams, Jellies, and Pastes
          • 3 Suppositories- Has to be inserted manually
          • 4 Soluble Films – C films that have to be inserted manually
        • Combined

      • 2 Intrauterine Devices
          • 1st Generation
          • 2nd Generation- Copper releasing
      • 3 Hormonal Methods
        • Oral Methods
          • 1 Combined Pills ( Original Pills)
          • 2 Progesterone Only Pills (POP) ( Mini pill or Micro pill)
          • 3 Post Coital Contraception (Morning after)
          • 4 Once a month pills
          • 5 Male Pills
        • Depot Formulation
          • Injectables
            • Progesterone Only Injectables
              • DMPA
              • DMPA S-C
              • NET – EN
            • Combined Injectables
          • Subdermal Implants
            • NORPLAN
          • Vaginal Rings
      • 4 Post Conceptional Methods ( Termination of Pregnancy)
        • Menstrual Regulation
        • Menstrual Induction
        • Oral Abortificant
        • Definition of Abortion
      • 5 Miscellaneous
        • 1 Abstinence
        • 2 Coitus interuptus
        • 3 Safe Period ( Rhythm Period or Calendar method)
        • 4 Natural family Planning method
        • 5 Breast Feeding
        • 6 Birth Control Vaccine
          • Vaccine prepared from
            • Beta subunits of HCG
            • Antibodies against pregnancy
    • 2 Terminal Methods
      • 1 Male Sterilization
      • 2 Female Sterilization

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  • Classification Of Food

    • By Origin
    • Chemical Composition
    • Predominant function
    • Nutritive value
  • Nutrients

    • Macronutrients
    • Micronutrients
    • Dietary Antioxidants
  • Nutritional Profile of Principle flood

    • 1 Cereal and Millets
    • 2 Pulses( Legumes)
    • 3 Vegetables
    • 4 Nuts and oilseeds
    • 5 Fruits
    • 6 Animal Foods
  • Nutritional Requirements

  • Reference Body weights

  • Energy

    • Sources of energy
  • Balanced Diet

    • Dietary goals
  • Nutritional Problems In public health

    • 1 Low birth weight
    • 2 Undernutrition
    • 3 Xeropthalmia
    • 4 Nutritional Anemia
    • 5 Iodine Deficiency Disorders
    • 6 Endemic Fluorosis (Q)
    • 7 Lathryrism
  • Nutritional Factors in Selected Diseases

    • 1 Cardiovascular disease
    • 2 Diabetes
    • 3 Obesity
    • 4 Cancer
  • Assessment of Nutritional Status 

    • Assessment methods
      • 1 Clinical Examination
      • 2 Anthropometry
      • 3 Biochemical evaluation
      • 4 Functional Assessment
      • 5 Assessment of Dietary Intake
      • 6 Vital and health statistics
      • 7 Ecological studies
  • Nutritional Surveillance

  • Social Aspects of nutrition

  • Food Surveillance

    • Food Hygiene
    • Sanitation of eating places
    • Food Handlers
    • Food Borne Diseases
    • Food Toxicants
    • Food Additives(Q)
    • Food Fortification (Q)
    • Adulteration of Foods
    • Food Standards
    • National Nutritional Policy 1993
  • Community Nutritional Programmes 

    • 1 Vitamin A Prophylaxis Programme
    • 2 Prophylaxis against Nutritional anemia
    • 3 Control of Iodine Deficiency disorders
    • 4 Special Nutritional Programmes
    • 5 Balwadi nutrition programs
    • 6 ICDS program
    • 7 Mid-day meal program (Q)
    • 8 Mid-day meal scheme

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  • Water
    • Safe and Wholesome water
    • Water Requirement
    • Sources of water supply
    • Water Pollution
    • Water Related Diseases
    • Purification of Water
    • Water Quality – Criteria and Standards
    • Surveillance Of Drinking water quality
    • Hardness of Water (Q)
    • Distribution of water
    • Swimming pool sanitation
    • Sanitation measures
    • National Water Supply and Sanitaion programme
    • Health education
  • Air
    • Introduction
      • Composition
      • Discomfort
      • Comfort zones
    • Air Pollution
      • Basic Defintions
      • Sources of air pollution
      • Meterological factors
      • Air Pollutants
      • Indoor air pollution
      • Monitoring air pollution
      • Effects of air pollution
      • Prevention and control of air pollution
      • Disinfection of air
  • Ventialtion
    • Standards of Ventilation
    • Types of Ventilation
  • Light
    • Requirements of Good Lighting
    • Measurement of Light
    • Natural lighting
    • Measurement of Daylight
    • Artificial lighting
    • Methods of Artificial illumination
    • Lighting standards
    • Biological effects of light
  • Noise
    • Sources
    • Properties
    • Effects of noise exposure
    • Contol of noise
  • Radiation
    • Sources of radiation exposure
    • Types of radition
    • Radition units
    • Biological effects of radition
    • Radiation protection
  • Meterological environment
    • 1 Atmosphoric pressure
    • 2 Air temperature
    • 3 Humidity
    • 4 Precipitation
    • 5 Air Velocity
    • 6 Wind Direction
    • 7 Clouds and weather observation
  • Housing
    • Social goals of housing
    • Housing standards
    • Rural housing
    • Housing and Health
    • Overcrowding 
    • Indicators of housing
    • Public policy
  • Disposal of wastes
    • Solid Wastes
    • Excreta disposal
  • Arthropods
    • Classes
    • Distinctive characters
    • Arthropod( Vector) borne diseases ( 1(4) Mosquito, 4 Fly, 1 Flea, 1 Louse, 1 Bug, 2 Tick, 2 Mite, 1 Cyclops, 1 Cockroach)
      • 1 Mosquito

        • 1 Anopheles
          1. Malaria
          2. Filaria( Not in India)
        • 2 Culex
          1. West Nile Fever
          2. Viral Arthritis
          3. Japanese Encephalitis
          4. Bancroftian Filariasis
        • 3 Aedes
          • Dengue
          • Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever
          • Chickungunya
          • Yellow Fever( Not in India)
          • Filaria( Not in India)
        • 4 Mansonoides
          • Chikungunya Fever
          • Malayan Filariasis
      • 2 Housefly 

        • Anthrax
        • Poliomyelitis
        • Diarrhea
        • Dysentry
        • Yaws
        • Trachoma
      • 3 Sand fly

        • Kala Azar ( Visceral Leishmaniasis)
        • Oreintal Sore( Cutaneous Leishmaniasis)
      • 4 Tse tse Fly

        • Sleeping Sickness
      • 5 Blackfly

        Onchocerciasis

      • 6 Rat flea

        • Bubonic Plaque
        • Endemic Typhus
      • 7 Louse ( Train Religious Ped in Ipad)

        • Trench Fever
        • Relapsing Fever
        • Pediculosis
        • Epidemic Typhus
      • 8 Reduviid Bug

        • Chagas Disease
      • 9 Hard Tick 

        • Rocky Mountain Fever ( Tick Typhus)
        • Kyasanur Forest Disease
        • Viral encephalitis
        • Tick Paralysis
      • 10 Soft Tick (Sofia Queen)

        • Q fever
        • Relapsing Fever
      • 11 Trombiculid mite

        • Scrub Typhus
        • Rickettsial pox
      • 12 Itch Mite

        • Scabies
      • 13 Cyclops

        • Guinea Worm Disease ( Dracunculiasis)
        • Fish tapeworm
      • 14 Cockroaches

        • Enteric Pathogens
    • Transmission of arthrod borne diseases
      • Direct contact
      • Mechanical
      • Biological
    • Priniciples of arthropod control
      • Environmental control
      • Chemical control
      • Biological Control
      • Genetic control
      • Integrated approach
    • Mosquito
      • General Description
      • Life history
      • Anopheles
      • Culex
      • Aedes
      • Mansonia
      • Habitat of mosquitoes
      • Mosquito borne diseses
      • Mosquito control measures
        • 1 Antilarval measures
          • Environmental control
          • Chemical control
          • Biological control
        • 2 Anti adult measures
          • Residual sprays
          • Space Sprays
          • Genetic control
        • 3 Protection against mosquito bites
          • Mosquito net
          • Screening
          • Repellents
    • Hosueflies
    • Sandflies
    • Tstes Flies
    • Blackflies
    • Lice
    • Fleas
    • Sand Flea
    • Reduvid Bugs
    • Ticks
    • Mites
      • Trombiculid mite
      • Itch mite
    • Cyclops
    • Insecticide
      • Types
      • Insecticide resistance
      • Toxicity of insecticide
    • Rodents
    • Zoonoses
      • Control of zoonoses

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  • Concept of Health Care

  • Health Systems

  • Levels of Health Care

  • Changing Concepts

  • Elements of Primary Health Care

  • Principles of Primary Health Care

  • Health for All

  • Millennium Developmental Goals

  • Sustainable Developmental Goals

  • Health Care Delivery

  • Health Status and Health Problems

  • Resources

  • Health care Services

  • Health Care Systems

      1. Public Sector
      2. Private Sector
      3. Indigenous system of medicine
      4. Voluntary health Agencies
      5. National Health Programmes
  • Primary Health Care in India

    • At Village Level
    • Sub centre level
    • Primary Health Centre Level
      • Village level
      • Subcentre
      • Primary health centre
      • Community Health Centre
    • Community Level
    • Job description for Members in Health Team
        1. Medical Officer
        2. Health Worker Male and Female
        3. Job responsibilities of Health Assistant male and female
        4. Asha
    • Health Insurance
    • Other Agencies
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